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Morgan Stanley figured out how much YouTube would be worth if it were a separate company, and it's more valuable than Disney (GOOG, GOOGL)

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YouTube CEO Susan Wojcicki speaks on stage during the annual Google I/O developers conference in San Jose, California, U.S., May 17, 2017.

 

  • If Google-owned YouTube were a standalone company, it would be worth more than IBM, Disney or Comcast, says Morgan Stanley.
  • The investment bank says YouTube's new music subscription service represents an opportunity to boost revenue growth.

If Google's YouTube were a standalone company, the world’s dominant video-sharing site would be worth more than big blue-chip companies like General Electric, IBM, PepsiCo or Comcast, and would be roughly the same value as media powerhouse Walt Disney Co., according to investment bank Morgan Stanley.

In a note to investors on Friday, the investment bank concluded that YouTube is worth $160 billion, based on the firm's analysis of its business. Since Google has yet to reveal YouTube’s financial performance, Morgan Stanley's sum-of-the-parts valuation represents only an estimate (the firm put a 7x multiple on its estimated 2019 revenue for YouTube).

But if that figure is even close, it underscores how the website that Google acquired for $1.65 billion in 2006 has grown into one of the most valuable media entities in the world.  And it could become more valuable still. Morgan Stanley said YouTube stands to bank big money from subscription music.

YouTube managers announced this week that they plan to roll out revamped subscription services. The much ignored YouTube Red is dead and from the ashes comes YouTube Music Premium, a $9.99 subscription music service that enables users to watch ad-free videos.

In addition, YouTube has created YouTube Premium, which offers ad-free music videos, offline downloads, and YouTube’s original movies and TV shows for $11.99.

Music rules the roost on YouTube

YouTube“YouTube’s new Music and Premium products speak to a growing subscription focus which could lead to 13X higher user monetization,” the bank said in the report.

According to Morgan Stanley data, music is the most common type of content consumed on YouTube, with 36% of users turning to the site for music everyday, compared to 22% watching movies and movie clips and 20% watching TV show clips every day. 

Every 1 million YouTube users who switch to a paid subscription instead of listening to music for free on the site will add 1% more revenue to YouTube's topline, Morgan Stanley estimates. 

Of course, Google has tried its hand at music subscriptions before with little success, compared to streaming-music rivals, Spotify or Apple Music, the sector’s leaders.

But even if YouTube's paid music service doesn't become the No.1 streaming service on the charts, the site is already a massive media entity in its own right. 

A decade ago, some observers thought the giant media conglomerate Viacom, parent company of MTV and Paramount Pictures, would squash the then tiny YouTube in court, after suing the video service for copyright infringement.  Not only did Google-owned YouTube prevail in that landmark case, but — based on the Morgan Stanley estimates — the video site is now worth more than 10 times Viacom's $12 billion market cap.

Here's how YouTube's $160 billion estimated value compares to the market capitalizations of some of the most well-known corporations:

  • Google (including YouTube): $742 billion
  • Disney: $155.3 billion market cap
  • Comcast: $150 billion market cap
  • Netflix: $141 billion market cap
  • General Electric: $129 billion market cap
  • Pepsico: $138.7 billion market cap
  • IBM: $132.4 billion market cap
  • Spotify: $26.9 billion market cap
  • CBS: $19.6 billion market cap
  • Viacom: $12 billion market cap

SEE ALSO: YouTube is killing one of the best parts of Google’s music streaming service

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The eSports competitive video gaming market is ripe to go mainstream

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eSports Advertising and Sponsorships

This is a preview of a research report from Business Insider Intelligence, Business Insider's premium research service. To learn more about Business Insider Intelligence, click here.

What is eSports? History & Rise of Video Game Tournaments

Years ago, eSports was a community of video gamers who would gather at conventions to play Counter Strike, Call of Duty, or League of Legends.

These multiplayer video game competitions would determine League of Legends champions, the greatest shooters in Call of Duty, the cream of the crop of Street Fighter players, the elite Dota 2 competitors, and more.

But today, as the history of eSports continue to unfold, media giants such as ESPN and Turner are broadcasting eSports tournaments and competitions. And in 2014, Amazon acquired Twitch, the live streaming video platform that has been and continues to be the leader in online gaming broadcasts. And YouTube also wanted to jump on the live streaming gaming community with the creation of YouTube Gaming.

eSports Market Growth Booming

To put in perspective how big eSports is becoming, a Google search for "lol" does not produce "laughing out loud" as the top result. Instead, it points to League of Legends, one of the most popular competitive games in existence. The game has spawned a worldwide community called the League of Legends Championship Series, more commonly known as LCS or LOL eSports.

What started as friends gathering in each other's homes to host LAN parties and play into the night has become an official network of pro gaming tournaments and leagues with legitimate teams, some of which are even sponsored and have international reach. Organizations such as Denial, AHQ, and MLG have multiple eSports leagues.

And to really understand the scope of all this, consider that the prize pool for the latest Dota 2 tournament was more than $20 million.

Websites even exist for eSports live scores to let people track the competitions in real time if they are unable to watch. There are even fantasy eSports leagues similar to fantasy football, along with the large and growing scene of eSports betting and gambling.

So it's understandable why traditional media companies would want to capitalize on this growing trend just before it floods into the mainstream. Approximately 300 million people worldwide tune in to eSports today, and that number is growing rapidly. By 2020, that number will be closer to 500 million.

eSports Industry Analysis - The Future of the Competitive Gaming Market

Financial institutions are starting to take notice. Goldman Sachs valued eSports at $500 million in 2016 and expects the market will grow at 22% annually compounded over the next three years into a more than $1 billion opportunity.

And industry statistics are already backing this valuation and demonstrating the potential for massive earnings. To illustrate the market value, market growth, and potential earnings for eSports, consider Swedish media company Modern Times Group's $87 million acquisition of Turtle Entertainment, the holding company for ESL. YouTube has made its biggest eSports investment to date by signing a multiyear broadcasting deal with Faceit to stream the latter's Esports Championship Series. And the NBA will launch its own eSports league in 2018.

Of course, as with any growing phenomenon, the question becomes: How do advertisers capitalize? This is especially tricky for eSports because of its audience demographics, which is young, passionate, male-dominated, and digital-first. They live online and on social media, are avid ad-blockers, and don't watch traditional TV or respond to conventional advertising.

So what will the future of eSports look like? How high can it climb? Could it reach the mainstream popularity of baseball or football? How will advertisers be able to reach an audience that does its best to shield itself from advertising?

Business Insider Intelligence, Business Insider's premium research service, has compiled an unparalleled report on the eSports ecosystem that dissects the growing market for competitive gaming. This comprehensive, industry-defining report contains more than 30 charts and figures that forecast audience growth, average revenue per user, and revenue growth.

Companies and organizations mentioned in the report include: NFL, NBA, English Premier League, La Liga, Bundesliga, NHL, Paris Saint-Germain, Ligue 1, Ligue de Football, Twitch, Amazon, YouTube, Facebook, Twitter, ESPN, Electronic Arts, EA Sports, Valve, Riot Games, Activision Blizzard, ESL, Turtle Entertainment, Dreamhack, Modern Times Group, Turner Broadcasting, TBS Network, Vivendi, Canal Plus, Dailymotion, Disney, BAMTech, Intel, Coca Cola, Red Bull, HTC, Mikonet

Here are some eSports industry facts and statistics from the report:

  • eSports is a still nascent industry filled with commercial opportunity.
  • There are a variety of revenue streams that companies can tap into.
  • The market is presently undervalued and has significant room to grow.
  • The dynamism of this market distinguishes it from traditional sports.
  • The audience is high-value and global, and its numbers are rising.
  • Brands can prosper in eSports by following the appropriate game plan.
  • Game publishers approach their Esport ecosystems in different ways.  
  • Successful esport games are comprised of the same basic ingredients.
  • Digital streaming platforms are spearheading the popularity of eSports.
  • Legacy media are investing into eSports, and seeing encouraging results.
  • Traditional sports franchises have a clear opportunity to seize in eSports.
  • Virtual and augmented reality firms also stand to benefit from eSports.  

In full, the report illuminates the business of eSports from four angles:

  • The gaming nucleus of eSports, including an overview of popular esport genres and games; the influence of game publishers, and the spectrum of strategies they adopt toward their respective esport scenes; the role of eSports event producers and the tournaments they operate.
  • The eSports audience profile, its size, global reach, and demographic, psychographic, and behavioral attributes; the underlying factors driving its growth; why they are an attractive target for brands and broadcasters; and the significant audience and commercial crossover with traditional sports.
  • eSports media broadcasters, including digital avant-garde like Twitch and YouTube, newer digital entrants like Facebook and traditional media outlets like Turner’s TBS Network, ESPN, and Canal Plus; their strategies and successes in this space; and the virtual reality opportunity.
  • eSports market economics, with a market sizing, growth forecasts, and regional analyses; an evaluation of the eSports spectacle and its revenue generators, some of which are idiosyncratic to this industry; strategic planning for brand marketers, with case studies; and an exploration of the infinite dynamism and immense potential of the eSports economy.

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St George's Chapel is adorned with beautiful flowers for the royal wedding — take a look inside

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west door and steps st george's chapel windsor castle royal wedding

  • The royal wedding will take place in St George's Chapel today.
  • The chapel has been adorned with a beautiful flower display crafted by floral designer Philippa Craddock.
  • The arrangement features locally-sourced white peonies, white garden roses, and more.


Today's the big day. The exhaustive preparations have been made and the world is watching as Prince Harry marries Megan Markle. The wedding ceremony itself will take place in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, which has been specially decorated for the occasion.

The first pictures of the chapel show a stunning floral display around the organ loft. 

st. george's chapel windsor castle royal wedding

Guests entering through the West Door of the chapel will be greeted by an arch of white flowers.

The displays feature locally-sourced white peonies, white garden roses, and more.

flowers at st george's chapel royal wedding

Once inside, the garlands also climb the organ loft above the guests' seats.

The arrangement was composed by floral designer Philippa Craddock, whose company is the supplier for the V&A, Kensington Palace, Banqueting House, and Hampton Court Palace.

Guests are expected to arrive at the chapel from 9.30-11 a.m. (GMT), and the ceremony itself will start at 12 p.m.

inside st george's chapel windsor castle royal wedding

According to CNN, Megan and her mother were not satisfied with the floral arrangement the day before the wedding.

"The problem wasn't the flowers themselves — they thought they looked beautiful — but they didn't feel that there were enough of them," CNN's Clarissa Ward reported.

More on the royal wedding:

SEE ALSO: The royal wedding is today — this map of the venue tells you where and when all the big moments will happen

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The guests at the royal wedding are being given goodie bags — here's what's inside

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Monogrammed gift bags at Windsor Castle before the wedding of Prince Harry to Meghan Markle on May 19, 2018 in Windsor, England.

  • Guests at the royal wedding are being given goodie bags.
  • They contain a gold chocolate coin embossed with Meghan and Harry's initials, shortbread, a magnet, and a bottle of water.
  • Guests inside the grounds can also get coffee and a bacon butty.


Meghan Markle and Prince Harry invited over 2,000 members of the public to their royal wedding— and they're being given goodie bags.

The lucky invitees are filling the grounds of Windsor Castle to watch the couple and their guests arrive, and to watch the carriage procession as it departs from the castle.

The shopper-style tote bags have a bright blue handle and bear an "HM" crest as well as the date and location of the wedding, according to The Sun.

A sea of goody bags await the lucky few at Windsor Castle. #WINDSOR #royalwedding

A post shared by Mark Cuthbert 📸 (@markacuthbert) on May 18, 2018 at 11:57pm PDT on

Here's what's inside:

  • A large gold chocolate coin embossed with Meghan and Harry's initials
  • Commemorative shortbread
  • A fridge magnet
  • A bottle of water
  • A voucher for 20% off the Middle Ward gift shop in Windsor

royal wedding goodie bag

ABC News Foreign Correspondent James Longman added that guests can also have coffee and a bacon butty.

The bags seem to be pretty well-received.

More on the royal wedding:

You can read all of INSIDER's royal wedding coveragehere.

SEE ALSO: Royal wedding live: Guests have started arriving for Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's lavish ceremony

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Here's why Meghan Markle doesn't have a maid of honour

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Meghan Markle



Meghan Markle will not have a maid of honour when she marries Prince Harry today. While Harry will be accompanied by his best man and brother Prince William, Meghan has instead opted for a number of bridesmaids.

Jason Knauf, communications secretary to Prince Harry said: "She has a very close-knit group of friends and did not want to choose one over the other."

Megan's bridesmaids include three-year-old Princess Charlotte, while 4-year-old Prince George is set to be one of Harry's page boys.

Princess Charlotte

Meghan's bridesmaids also include her goddaughters Remi and Ryan Litt, who are sisters, and Ivy Mulroney. Harry's goddaughters Zalie Warren and Florence van Custem are also bridesmaids.

More on the royal wedding:

You can read all of INSIDER's royal wedding coveragehere.

SEE ALSO: Here's exactly what time the Queen, royal family, Harry, and Meghan will arrive at Windsor Castle for today's royal wedding

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The Queen arrived at Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's wedding in lime green and she certainly stands out

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Queen arrives Royal Wedding

  • The Queen arrived at the royal wedding in a signature bright outfit designed by Stuart Parvin.
  • You can't miss her, and that's the point.


Queen Elizabeth II is partial to a brightly coloured outfit, and today, the day of her grandson Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's royal wedding, was no different.

Her Majesty arrived in a lime green coat, with a matching green hat decorated with purple feathers.

Kensington Palace said in a statement: "Her Majesty The Queen is wearing a delicately flared dress in lime, lemon, purple and grey printed silk. The coat is an edge to edge coat with a frogging fastening in lime silk tweed. Both are by Stuart Parvin.

"Her Majesty is wearing an Angela Kelly hat, using the same lime silk tweed with sinamay adorned across the crown with handmade lace crystals and pearls made by Lucy Price.

"Her brooch is The Richmond Diamond Brooch with pearl drop."

queen

The reason behind these outfit choices is apparently to make sure members of the public can catch sight of her through the crowds.

Queen Elizabeth II arrives at the royal wedding.

More on the royal wedding:

You can read all of INSIDER's royal wedding coveragehere.

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Meghan Markle is officially a Duchess — here's her new title

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meghan harry

  • Prince Harry and Meghan Markle just became husband and wife.
  • Earlier this morning Kensington Palace announced their new titles as a married couple.
  • Harry and Meghan have become the Duke and Duchess of Sussex.
  • They also got extra titles for use in Scotland and Northern Ireland.


Prince Harry and Meghan Markle just became husband and wife. Earlier this morning Kensington Palace announced that their new titles as a married couple would be the Duke and Duchess of Sussex.

The palace announcement read:

"The Queen has today been pleased to confer a Dukedom on Prince Henry of Wales.  His titles will be Duke of Sussex, Earl of Dumbarton and Baron Kilkeel.

"Prince Harry thus becomes His Royal Highness The Duke of Sussex, and Ms. Meghan Markle on marriage will become Her Royal Highness The Duchess of Sussex."

Harry assumed the new title immediately, while Meghan became Duchess as soon as they were married.

As well as becoming a Duke and Duchess, the Queen has given the couple extra titles to use when they are in Scotland and Northern Ireland.

They are the Earl and Countess of Dumbarton in Scotland, and Baron and Lady Kilkeel in Northern Ireland.

William and Kate were also given these lesser-used titles when they wed — they are the Earl and Countess of Strathearn in Scotland and Baron and Lady Carrickfergus in Ireland.

More on the royal wedding:

 

You can read all of INSIDER's royal wedding coveragehere.

Join the conversation about this story »

NOW WATCH: Jeff Bezos on breaking up and regulating Amazon

Prince Harry and Meghan Markle just shared their first kiss as husband and wife

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prince harry meghan

  • Prince Harry and Meghan Markle are officially husband and wife.
  • The couple delighted crowds as they shared a kiss as they emerged from St George's Chapel.
  • They were married on Saturday, May 19.


They did it! Prince Harry and Meghan Markle are officially married.

The newly-wed couple emerged as husband and wife from St George's Chapel and shared a kiss to the delight of the crowds of spectators that had gathered outside the building.

meghan harry first kiss

The couple looked absolutely overjoyed throughout the ceremony; Prince Harry told Meghan she looked "amazing... absolutely gorgeous," as she arrived beside him at the altar.

They will take the titles of Duke and Duchess of Sussex.

More on the royal wedding:

You can read all of INSIDER's royal wedding coveragehere.

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People are convinced Prince Harry said 'I'm sh---ing it' to Meghan Markle at the altar

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Prince Harry stands with his bride, Meghan Markle, during their wedding in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle on May 19, 2018 in Windsor, England.

  • Prince Harry and Meghan Markle were married on Saturday May 19 in a royal wedding for the ages.
  • It was a joyous but understandably nervewracking occasion for the pair as an estimated 1.9 billion people tuned in to watch.
  • As Meghan Markle joined Prince Harry at the altar, Twitter users were convinced he told her "I'm sh---ing it."
  • You can watch the video below and decide for yourself.


Prince Harry and Meghan Markle have been joined in holy matrimony. It was a joyous but understandably nerve-wracking experience for the famous couple as the world watched on.

Twitter users captured the moment Meghan arrived next to Harry at the altar, and he appears to tell her he's "sh---ing it":

It certainly wouldn't be an unbelievable thing for the Prince to say, considering an estimated 1.9 billion people were expected to watch the wedding around the world.

Others aren't convinced Harry uttered any profanities, though. InStyle magazine posted a video of the moment but subtitled the Prince saying "I'm so lucky."

“You look amazing. I’m so lucky.” 😭😭😭 Prince Harry greets his beautiful bride Meghan Markle. #RoyalWedding

A post shared by instylemagazine (@instylemagazine) on May 19, 2018 at 5:20am PDT on

It wasn't the only thing to distract social media users. People didn't know what to think when one wedding officiant uttered the words "sexual union."

More on the royal wedding:

You can read all of INSIDER's royal wedding coveragehere.

SEE ALSO: 

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Champagne, langoustines, and pork belly are a few of the things guest are eating at the royal wedding, here's the full menu

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g

  • Prince Harry and Meghan Markle are now husband and wife.
  • Around 600 of their guests are now enjoying a fancy reception of food and drinks with a modern twist.
  • Pol Roger champagne, langoustines wrapped in smoked salmon, and slow roasted Windsor pork belly are just some of the delicious-sounding items on offer.


Her Majesty The Queen is hosting a lunchtime reception at St George's Hall in Windsor Castle for around 600 guests drawn from Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's wedding service.

And if you're curious as to what they'll be eating and drinking, then you're in luck because Kensington Palace has shared a sneak peek of the entire menu.

Canapés

First, guests will be treated to a selection of canapés, including:

  • Scottish langoustines wrapped in smoked salmon with citrus crème fraiche
  • Grilled English asparagus wrapped in Cumbrian ham
  • Garden pea panna cotta with quail eggs and lemon verbena
  • Heritage tomato and basil tartare with balsamic pearls
  • Poached free range chicken bound in a lightly spiced yoghurt with roasted apricot
  • Croquette of confit Windsor lamb, roasted vegetables and shallot jam
  • Warm asparagus spears with mozzarella and sun-blush tomatoes

Bowl food

Guests will also be served a selection of bowl food, including:

  • Fricassee of free range chicken with morel mushrooms and young leeks
  • Pea and mint risotto with pea shoots, truffle oil and parmesan crisps
  • Ten hour slow roasted Windsor pork belly with apple compote and crackling

Sweet treats

Sweet canapés will also be served, including:

  • Champagne and pistachio macaroons
  • Orange crème brûlée tartlets
  • Miniature rhubarb crumble tartlets

Drinks

Guests will also be treated to Pol Roger Brut Réserve Non Vintage Champagne and a selection of wines to wash it all down. There will also be an apple and elderflower mocktail, made with the same syrup as wedding cake, and Sandringham Cox's apple juice.

The cutting of the cake

Harry and Meghan's wedding cake, designed by Claire Ptak, will also be served at the reception. It features elderflower syrup made of the Sandringham estate’s own elderflower trees and a light sponge cake, filled with Amalfi lemon curd and elderflower buttercream, and decorated with Swiss meringue buttercream and 150 fresh flowers, including peonies and roses, which also adorned the chapel.

The newly weds will cut the wedding cake at the reception and there will be speeches from The Prince of Wales, Prince Harry and Meghan. The Duke of Cambridge, who is the best man, will compere at the Reception.

prince harry meghan

More on the royal wedding:

 

You can read all of INSIDER's royal wedding coveragehere.

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Meghan Markle is now officially a royal — here's how she fits into the family tree

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Harry Meghan royal wedding leaving chapel

  • Meghan Markle is now officially married to Prince Harry.
  • She's gained a lot of new relatives in the process — here's how she fits in.


Meghan Markle is officially a member of Britain's royal family now that she has married Prince Harry.

The Hollywood actress is now the granddaughter-in-law of Queen Elizabeth II, a daughter-in-law to Prince Charles and sister-in-law to Prince William — who are both in line to become kings.

Take a look at how Markle fits into the family tree:

current royal family tree meghan markle prince harry

SEE ALSO: The most important career decision you can make is who you marry — here's what that means for Meghan Markle

READ MORE: Together, Meghan Markle and Prince Harry will be worth about $30 million — and none of that money belongs to the crown

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People are comparing the crowd at the royal wedding to Trump's inauguration — and the pictures say a lot

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inauguration vs. royal wedding

  • People on Twitter are comparing the crowd at the royal wedding to Trump's 2017 inauguration.
  • There appears to be a stark difference.
  • You be the judge.


People are comparing the turnout for Meghan Markle and Prince Harry's royal wedding to that of Trump's inauguration — and the pictures say a lot.

Over 100,000 people are estimated to have lined the procession route on Saturday, May 19 in Windsor, England, where the new Duke and Duchess of Sussex tied the knot at St George's Chapel.

Here's what the crowd looked like at its fullest as Markle approached:

Meghan Markle approaches Windsor Castle as crowds of spectators look on.

BBC Three shared a tweet comparing the crowd to that of Donald Trump's inauguration as US President on January 20, 2017.

There appears to be a pretty stark difference.

trump inauguration crowd

However, estimates suggest that around 160,000 people were at the National Mall and surrounding area in the hour leading to Trump's speech.

While exact figures are unknown for both events, the crowd certainly appeared to be bigger outside of St George's Chapel.

Thousands of people have responded to the tweet in support of the couple's union.

J.K. Rowling tweeted the photo with the caption "Love > Hate."

Other users are posting photos of other crowds that appear to have been bigger than the inauguration, including the Rolling Stones in Brazil...

Metallica in Russia...

...and WrestleMania.

More on the royal wedding:


You can read all of INSIDER's royal wedding coveragehere.

SEE ALSO: Royal wedding live: Meghan Markle and Prince Harry are officially married, and now it's time for the party

SEE ALSO: These are the first photos of Meghan Markle's wedding dress

Join the conversation about this story »

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Here are the photos of Meghan Markle's wedding dress and veil, which features hand-embroidered flowers from all 53 Commonwealth nations

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meghan harry royal wedding

  • Meghan Markle arrived at St George's Chapel just before 12 p.m. — and her dress was stunning.
  • The sleek, long-sleeve white dress was designed by Clare Waight Keller of Givenchy.
  • It featured a five-metre-long silk tulle veil featuring unique embroidered flowers representing all of the Commonwealth countries.
  • She paired it with Givenchy shoes and a Cartier bracelet and earrings.


Meghan Markle and Prince Harry tied the knot in their highly anticipated royal wedding on Saturday, May 19 — and her dress was stunning.

Markle arrived at St George's Chapel on Saturday, May 19 just before 12 p.m., accompanied by her mother, Doria Ragland.

Her sleek, long-sleeve, white dress was designed by the acclaimed British designer Clare Waight Keller of Givenchy.

meghan markle wedding dress

Its off-the-shoulder design featured pure lines "achieved using six meticulously placed seams," according to Kensington Palace.

"The focus of the dress is the graphic open bateau neckline that gracefully frames the shoulders and emphasises the slender sculpted waist," a statement went on.

Meghan Markle arrives for her wedding to Prince Harry at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle on May 19, 2018 in Windsor, England.

"The lines of the dress extend towards the back where the train flows in soft round folds cushioned by an underskirt in triple silk organza. The slim three-quarter sleeves add a note of refined modernity."

She completed her outfit with five-metre-long silk tulle long veil and tiara on top of her hair, which was pinned back into a bun and was styled by Serge Normant.

Her make-up was done by long-time friend and make-up artist Daniel Martin.

Meghan Markle arrives for her wedding to Prince Harry at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle on May 19, 2018 in Windsor, England.

The veil featured unique hand-embroidered silk thread flowers representing the flora of each Commonwealth country, as per Markle's request.

"Ms. Markle wanted to express her gratitude for the opportunity to support the work of the Commonwealth by incorporating references to its members into the design of her wedding dress," the palace stated.

The sewing took hundreds of hours, according to the palace.

It was held in place by Queen Mary’s diamond bandeau tiara, Meghan’s "something borrowed" lent to her by Queen Elizabeth.

Meghan Markle stands at the altar during her wedding in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle on May 19, 2018 in Windsor, England.

She paired her outfit with pointed Givenchy shoes, and Cartier earrings and a bracelet.

meghan bracelet

Her small bouquet was made up of flowers from the private garden at Kensington Palace to add to the bespoke bridal bouquet designed by florist Philippa Craddock.

With blooms including Forget-Me-Nots, Princess Diana's favourite flower, the flowers were pulled together with a silk ribbon.

BOUQUET CLOSE UP

More on the royal wedding:

You can read all of INSIDER's royal wedding coveragehere.

SEE ALSO: Royal wedding live: We've had the first glimpse of Meghan Markle on her way to marry Prince Harry

Join the conversation about this story »

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11 candid photos of the royal family at Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's wedding

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Britain’s Prince Harry gestures next to his wife Meghan as they ride a horse-drawn carriage after their wedding ceremony at St George’s Chapel in Windsor Castle in Windsor, Britain, May 19, 2018.

  • As always, the greatest photos are the ones we don't know are being taken.
  • This rule was true for the royal wedding as the royal family was snapped around the ceremony.
  • Scroll down to see the best shots.


The royals were, of course, out in force for the marriage of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle. The Queen stood out in a bright lime green outfit, Prince George wore a fetching replica of his dad's military frockcoat, and Kate Middleton kept it simple in an Alexander McQueen coat.

Oprah, David Beckham, and Elton John were some of the celebrities who turned out to watch them marry, but all eyes were on the royals for this occasion

Scroll down for the best candid shots of the royal family during the wedding event of the year.

SEE ALSO: The Queen arrived at Prince Harry and Meghan Markle's wedding in lime green and she certainly stands out

We got our first look at Meghan, riding in a vintage Rolls Royce with her mother, Doria Ragland, at about 11:15 a.m.



Pippa Middleton, who will become Meghan's sister-in-law, was the first famous member of the extended royal family to arrive.



Prince George wore a fetching replica of his dad's military frockcoat.



See the rest of the story at Business Insider

Meghan Markle and Prince Harry are officially married — here's a timeline of everything that happened

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Harry Meghan kiss wedding

Prince Harry and Meghan Markle were married Saturday at St George's Chapel in Windsor in an elaborate and elegant royal ceremony.

Oprah, Serena Williams, and Elton John were some of the celebrities who turned out to watch them marry, as well as Queen Elizabeth and virtually all of the royal family.

Scroll down for a timeline of the day and click here to refresh the page for the latest updates.

The public part of the ceremony ended when Harry and Meghan left for their two wedding receptions, hosted by the Queen at St George's Hall, not far from the chapel. That marks the end of the public part of the ceremony.

 



But Kensington Palace did share a photo of the finished royal wedding cake, which will be eaten at the reception. It is impressive, to say the least.

 



Palace officials also published the full menu for the event. Here it is:

Canapés:

  • Scottish Langoustines wrapped in Smoked Salmon with Citrus Crème Fraiche
  • Grilled English Asparagus wrapped in Cumbrian Ham
  • Garden Pea Panna Cotta with Quail Eggs and Lemon Verbena
  • Heritage Tomato and Basil Tartare with Balsamic Pearls
  • Poached Free Range Chicken bound in a Lightly Spiced Yoghurt with Roasted Apricot
  • Croquette of Confit Windsor Lamb, Roasted Vegetables and Shallot Jam
  • Warm Asparagus Spears with Mozzarella and Sun-Blush Tomatoes 

"Bowl food" (click here for more on this, a major break with tradition):

  • Fricassee of Free Range Chicken with Morel Mushrooms and Young Leeks
  • Pea and Mint Risotto with Pea Shoots, Truffle Oil and Parmesan Crisps
  • Ten Hour Slow Roasted Windsor Pork Belly with Apple Compote and Crackling 

Dessert canapés:

  • Champagne and Pistachio Macaroons
  • Orange Crème Brûlée Tartlets
  • Miniature Rhubarb Crumble Tartlets


See the rest of the story at Business Insider

'Deadpool 2' director opens up about the pressures of jumping into a hit franchise and what working with Ryan Reynolds was like

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  • David Leitch, the director of "Deadpool 2," explains why he took on the movie following the exit of the first movie's director, Tim Miller.
  • Leitch also explains the pressures of working on a big studio movie that has a set release date in place before production even begins.
  • He also tells us why doing multiple test screenings made "Deadpool 2" better.

David Leitch has proved to be one of the top filmmakers in the action-movie genre with only two movies under his belt — but they certainly left an impression.

After building one of the most respected stuntman crews in Hollywood with Chad Stahelski in the early 2000s (they were called on to do all the big action movies like "The Bourne Legacy" and the "Expendables" movies), the two made their directorial debut with the surprise hit "John Wick" starring Keanu Reeves in 2014. It proved that they could do more than just come up with innovative fight sequences. Leitch then went on his own to make "Atomic Blonde" last year (Stahelski made "John Wick 2") and proved it wasn't a fluke. He could really direct. His stylized Cold War ultraviolent tale starring Charlize Theron wowed audiences.

Now he's hit the big time, having signed on to direct "Deadpool 2" (in theaters Friday) after the first movie's director, Tim Miller, exited the project. The sequel doesn't just deliver on bigger fights and jokes. With Leitch at the helm (and most likely a little more budget than the first one), and with Ryan Reynolds reprising the outlandish Marvel superhero, the movie feels bigger and more slick.

But Leitch isn't letting up. He's now prepping his next movie, "Hobbs and Shaw" starring Dwayne Johnson and Jason Statham, the first spin-off project from the "Fast and Furious" franchise.

Leitch sat down with Business Insider to talk about the pressures of jumping in a franchise like "Deadpool," how the looming predetermined movie release date brought lots of anxiety, and why test screenings really helped the movie.

Jason Guerrasio: Was getting on "Deadpool 2" similar to what you did with "Atomic Blonde" where you showed Charlize a kind of sizzle reel of your vision of the movie?

David Leitch: It was a completely different experience. I was actually working on "X-Force" with Ryan and Simon Kinberg, for a very short window of time. I had gotten the gig to develop it and I had just started working in that world, and then when this opportunity came up for "Deadpool" — "We're going to be doing 'Deadpool 2' first, would you be interested in directing?" — I was like [does a big exhale]. It was more an offer because we had a relationship.

It was a daunting decision to make because what I liked about the idea of "X-Force" was that I would be able to break new ground and create my own world. Here you have this franchise that's a global phenomenon and how are you going to meet the expectations of that? But because there's an element of "X-Force," really the introduction of these characters in this world, I sort of got to have my cake and eat it too, I guess. I felt there was enough room in the creative palette of what "Deadpool" can be for me to have an impact as a director but also stay true to what people love from the original.

Deadpool 2 20th Century FoxGuerrasio: And I'm assuming there was something on page already, so you could have some vision of where they wanted to go with the sequel when you came on?

Leitch: Well, no. [Laughs.] It was more of a pitch. They had gone down the road of trying to crack the story of what we wanted to do for number two, and when I came on board they were sort of piecing things together from those ideas. So I was loosely involved in the beginning of that process as I was coming on board. We put the movie out in note cards, as you do, and they went away and wrote it as I started to prep. We had a short time. We knew we were shooting in Vancouver, so we were scouting locations as the pages were coming in.

Guerrasio: So because of the speed this was very different from doing "John Wick" or "Atomic Blonde."

Leitch: It is. It's because of that release date. The release-date pressure.

Guerrasio: It's hanging over everyone's head.

Leitch: It's hanging in the air and every week you push principal photography it gives you less days on post. And on these big visual-effects movies, post is key. It's really hard with these release-date schedules.

Guerrasio: And with this movie in particular, because your main character is wearing a mask, post is crucial because if you guys think of a better line or joke, you can place it in with very little extra work.

Leitch: You want to allow for that process to take place. You need a window of creativity in post that you may not have in another movie. You have the luxury of putting words in the mask: making a joke more current, or work better, or help the narrative with a couple of lines. You want to maximize that.

Guerrasio: Were you aware of that need in post going into the project?

Leitch: I was pretty aware of it. I had never done it before, but talking to Ryan and his experience on the last film and understanding how post works, it's a great tool. But we needed time to experiment. And test jokes. We needed some sort of development period where we're not under the pressure of the release date.

Guerrasio: Did you test this movie with audiences a lot?

Leitch: Yeah. And I'm grateful we did. We were testing really high. We were testing in the 90s in our first test screening. It was crazy. On an independent film you get that score you pack up shop and polish the color and sound and ship the movie. But because we had the resources of the studio and we had gotten our first test out early we felt we could improve on this. We did test a couple of more times and we refined jokes and we trimmed scenes, and it was definitely progressive. Our scores were increasing all the way to the last one where we had this insane score. But it was all due to this refinement process in post.

Guerrasio: And not every movie can be pulled off this way.

Leitch: Well, you have some help with the character being in a mask.

Guerrasio: You can put in anything and it's going to match.

Leitch: Yeah. It helps.

Atomic Blonde 2 Jonathan Prime Focus Features finalGuerrasio: Compare Ryan to working with Keanu and Charlize.

Leitch: They are in the position they are in the world because there's a work ethic and a level of professionalism and then there's a talent. So those three things are the mix that makes them who they are. I had close collaborations with Keanu on "John Wick" in the beginning process. A lot in the script and who he is as a character, and then once he connected with the character and found his emotional way in then he let Chad and myself, the filmmakers, go and do what we had to do. Charlize was a producer on "Atomic" so she had a lot of say in the beginning as well, but once I gave her the pitch of making it a punk noir music mashup she got really excited, and once she found the character and trusted the vision she's all business. Ryan is a different process because he's a producer, writer, performance artist —

Guerrasio: Keeper of the Deadpool flame.

Leitch: Yeah. Head of marketing, not really, but you know what I mean. He's essential in marketing. So there's a big brand that he's shepherding so it was a little different process but it was really collaborative and really supportive. He was really supportive of me as a filmmaker to the studio. He wanted this to be a David Leitch film. It was a great experience.

Guerrasio: You've been working nonstop. Have you had a moment to take a breath and take in everything you've done in the past few years? Not just the movies, but the level of difficulty and scope in such a short time.

Leitch: I haven't. My close collaborator since "Atomic" has been my wife, Kelly McCormick, and we were kind of looking at each other last night and were like, "Are we ever going to take a break?" And we do find joy in the process. But, in my below-the-line career I didn't take breaks.

Guerrasio: But I hope you're doing things now that are more financially satisfying than when you were doing stunt work.

Leitch: [Laughs.] Granted, this is a Champagne problem. But it's just that the material has spoken to us and we see a path in. That's so rare that I want to grab it. I know we're now jumping into "Hobbs and Shaw" really quickly, but I'm not daunted by it.

SEE ALSO: "Solo" is the worst "Star Wars" movie since "Attack of the Clones," according to critics

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YouTube's Lyor Cohen says to forget about YouTube's rocky past with the music industry because the real threat is Spotify and Apple (GOOG, GOOGL)

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  • YouTube music chief Lyor Cohen says the big record labels fear that Spotify and Apple Music will one day dominate sales and distribution.
  • Cohen says there's one remedy for this: YouTube and diversifying the way they distribute music.
  • The labels, however, have said for years now that the one music service that holds unfair sway over them is YouTube.


To hear Lyor Cohen tell it, the long-running conflict over music licensing between YouTube and the major record labels is over.

“We're now starting to have real connective tissue,” said Cohen, YouTube’s global head of music who was in San Francisco promoting the upcoming launch of YouTube’s latest subscription music service. “We’re working together in building these products.”  

That’s a big statement. For the past two years, leading up to the recent licensing negotiations, the music industry has routinely labeled YouTube as an enemy of recording artists. Music videos helped turn YouTube into an entertainment juggernaut, but in return the world’s largest video-sharing site paid peanuts to artists, or at least that was how the record companies saw things.

But that was before the top three labels, Universal Music Group, Sony Music and Warner Music Group completed licensing deals earlier this year with YouTube. Far fewer complaints are coming out of the record companies now, and Cohen said the improved relationship is about more than just money.

According to him, Spotify and Apple Music, the top two subscription services, frighten record executives far more than YouTube does.

“Forget the past,” Cohen told Business Insider on Friday.

He said that YouTube is now "working in collaboration with the industry because the industry is terrified that this could be a two-horse race" between Apple and Spotify. The music industry thinks partnering with YouTube to distribute music could prevent such a duopoly, he said.

The suggestion is that Spotify and Apple Music pose a threat to the labels. Should they obtain too much power over the distribution, they could, presumably, dictate terms to the record companies.

Rocky past

Cohen says this even though Spotify and Apple Music have been credited by the labels with helping to spearhead a music-industry comeback. Last year, worldwide music sales grew 8 percent, the third increase in a row after 15 consecutive years of declining revenue.  According to the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), subscription services put far more money in the labels’ pockets than YouTube-esque services, which sell ads.

And if any company has imposed its will on the recording companies, it’s YouTube, according to Cary Sherman, the RIAA’s CEO and Chairman.

spotify daniel ekDuring the past two years, he has often accused YouTube of possessing an unfair advantage at the negotiating table with the labels.

When the music companies and YouTube can’t agree on the licensing fees YouTube must pay, the labels are allegedly told to yank their songs from the site and attempt the near-impossible task of removing the millions of unauthorized clips that users themselves inevitably post to YouTube.

Because of safe harbor provisions in copyright law, YouTube and parent company Google are shielded from liability for any copyright violations committed by users. Sherman says that’s YouTube’s trump card, what makes the site such a power in music today.

What’s interesting to note is that only one label has ever tried removing music videos from YouTube and that’s Warner, in 2008. The record company, home of such acts as Ed Sheeran, Madonna, and Wiz Khalifa, eventually caved after failing to prevent users from posting and reposting the company’s videos to YouTube.

And who at Warner made that decision? Cohen, in his former life as a record mogul.  

Despite all this, Cohen says the labels need YouTube as a counterbalance to Spotify and Apple Music.

“From what we heard, the industry wants to get on a plane with two engines--one is advertising and the other is the subscription model,” Cohen said. “We’re one of the most obvious candidates to help them build two engines.”

SEE ALSO: Morgan Stanley figured out how much YouTube would be worth if it were a separate company, and it's more valuable than Disney

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Terry Crews takes us through the emotional roller coaster of his show 'Brooklyn Nine-Nine' being canceled and then miraculously picked up

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  • The canceling by Fox of "Brooklyn Nine-Nine" put the internet into meltdown mode.
  • The show was eventually picked up by NBC for its sixth season.
  • Series regular Terry Crews recalls the shock of getting the news that the show was canceled and how he learned NBC picked it up.


It's been quite a ride the last week for Terry Crews.

While gearing up to promote his role in the highly anticipated "Deadpool 2," Crews got the shocking news that the popular TV show he'd been a regular on for five seasons, "Brooklyn Nine-Nine," had been canceled by Fox.

The internet went into a complete meltdown over the news. From the super fans to celebrities like Mark Hamill, Lin-Manuel Miranda, Seth Meyers, and Oscar-winning director Guillermo del Toro, it seemed everyone was appalled that Fox would put the brakes on the show. 

And Crews admitted everyone involved in the show was shocked as well.

"We had no clue we were going to be canceled," Crews told Business Insider on Wednesday. "All expectations were that we were coming back for a sixth season just because we were doing so well. It was the shock of the century."

brooklyn nine-nine andy samberg

Crews said he got the news last Thursday, moments before he was about to go on stage to shoot an episode of the Michael Strahan-hosted "The 100,000 Pyramid" game show.

"Five minutes before I'm about to go on, I get an email from ['Brooklyn Nine-Nine' creator Dan Goor]," Crews said. "And I'm like, 'We're canceled?' It was surreal. I was like in a Spike Lee floating in the air shot. The world was over. But I did my job, I went and did the show. But it was like hearing that your favorite uncle is dead. There were tears, I'm not going to lie to you."  

The outrage on social media led to reports of streaming services like Hulu perhaps taking the show over. But Crews went to bed Thursday having to come to terms with the fact that the show was really done.

But then his phone started blowing up at 3 a.m. News had hit that NBC picked up the show for its sixth season.

"It was the middle of the night, I woke up to my phone glowing and I'm wondering what is going on," Crews said. "I got all these texts with everyone saying, 'We're picked up!' I jumped out of bed. I felt like I was one of Madonna's kids. 'I get to live in the mansion now, she picked me!'"

"Brooklyn Nine-Nine" will be a part of NBC's mid-season lineup, according to NBC Entertainment chairman Bob Greenblatt.

SEE ALSO: "Deadpool 2" director gives an update on the "Fast and Furious" spin-off movie he's making with The Rock and Jason Statham

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YouTube is making big changes to attract bigger advertisers, but some YouTube stars tell us they're getting caught in the crossfire (GOOG, GOOGL)

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Over the last several months, YouTube had been gradually rolling out new policies and restrictions regarding which videos were, or were not, eligible to generate revenue for their creators.

In many cases, this so-called demonetization means that YouTube pulled the rug out from under many content creators who had been relying on their channels as a source of income. 

The result: Widespread unhappiness in the YouTube content creator community, among its most famous stars and amateur video bloggers alike. It's led to a major sea change in the online video industry, as some high-profile YouTube stars move to rival platforms like Amazon's Twitch or Facebook Watch, as this crisis unfolds.

The changes are designed to keep the overall quality bar high at YouTube — critical as the company strives to attract, and keep, top-tier advertisers. In turn, YouTube says that by attracting more advertisers, creators can make more money.

"Our changes to the YouTube Partner Program (YPP) are designed to stabilize creator revenue, curb bad actors, and provide greater assurances to advertisers around where their ads are placed. By making these updates to YPP, we aim to help creators of all sizes find more success," says a YouTube spokesperson.

In conversations with Business Insider, some YouTube content creators say that while they respect the need for change on the platform, the constant changing of thresholds and goalposts has made it stressful to be part of the site. One YouTuber we spoke to describes it as a "constantly moving target."

Here's a brief history, laying out what you need to know about the YouTube demonetization trend and why it has so many people upset. 

SEE ALSO: 'I’m going to destroy you': Employees who worked at YouTube say violent threats from volatile ‘creators’ have been going on for years

Let's start at the beginning: YouTube employees and YouTube creators historically have a complicated, but symbiotic, relationship.

Over 300 hours of video are uploaded to YouTube every minute. Every day, over a billion users watch a close to a billion hours of video. For many years before news and social media giants pivoted toward creating their own video hosting tech, "YouTube " was synonymous with online video. 

YouTube introduced the YouTube Partner Program in 2007, when the company and the  community surrounding the website was still relatively small. The Partner Program has been a big lever in encouraging creators to choose YouTube to host their videos.

While the details have changed, the basics of the Partner Program have been constant: If your channel hits a certain threshold for viewership, you're eligible to share the advertising revenue from your videos with YouTube itself. 

Since then, YouTube, content creators, and advertisers have been locked in a co-dependent love triangle that has withstood many debates over creative ownership, community guidelines, ad revenue, and ad placement, among other issues. 

Today, YouTube hosts over a million video channels, enlisting a huge diversity of creators in its Partner Programincluding professional film and production studios, self-taught make-up gurus, aspiring musicians, and too many others to count.

 



There's long been some tension between YouTube and its creators: The platform's policy of demonetizing videos it finds offensive hasn't always sat well with high-profile YouTube stars like Hank Green.

Demonetization refers to the practice of removing ads from a video — a way that YouTube polices the platform. YouTube rarely removes videos entirely unless it infringes on a copyright, but by removing the ads, it limits the creators' ability to make money from their content. In extreme cases, YouTube can demonetize an entire channel.

This has been YouTube policy since 2012, and it's long stoked tensions between video creators and the platform— there have been cases where YouTube automated systems will hit a false positive and demonetizes an innocent video.

In a video posted last fall, Green took to his personal channel to describe his frustration with YouTube’s demonetization policies:

“This feeling of disenfranchisement, of not being cared about or cared for, is going to make people look for another place, even if it’s a worse place [...] I don’t think it’s the time for a mass exodus from YouTube, but I do think it’s time for some kind of statement.”



In February of 2018, YouTube introduced their most radical change yet to the thresholds of the Partner Program, putting monetization out of reach for many niche or aspiring creators.

In February 2018, YouTube made its biggest single adjustment to its monetization policy yet.

The change came in response to concerns that Youtube was hosting too many "spammers, impersonators, and other bad actors" on the platform, the company explained in a January blog post.

Specifically, creators would now need to accrue 4,000 hours of watch time within the past 12 months, along with at least 1,000 subscribers, in order to qualify for the Partner Program. This was a big jump from the previous requirement, which allowed creators to start making money  after crossing 10,000 total views across all their videos.

"Though these changes will affect a significant number of channels, 99% of those affected were making less than $100 per year in the last year, with 90% earning less than $2.50 in the last month," YouTube wrote in the post. "...we’re making changes to address the issues that affected our community in 2017 so we can prevent bad actors from harming the inspiring and original creators around the world who make their living on YouTube."

The reason for this change is often attributed to the controversy around the actions of one star creator, Logan Paul, who filmed a suicide victim and uploaded it to his channel in an incident that made global news —  just weeks before the new requirements for the Partner Program went into effect. However, these particular changes don't actually affect superstars like Paul.

In response to that specific event, and similar incidents of misbehavior before it, YouTube instituted a tightening of its internal video rating policies, often resulting in the total removal of ads from what would have otherwise been lucrative content. These reactions to offensive content became known as the "Adpocalypse" in the creator community and beyond. While this was separate from the changes made to the Partner Program, the two are often conflated.

Still, these changes were welcomed by some creators, who thought that these changes raised the bar for the whole platform.



See the rest of the story at Business Insider

Meet the obsessive MoviePass fans getting $100+ worth of movie tickets every month for $10 (HMNY)

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  • MoviePass lets customers watch unlimited movies in cinemas for a flat monthly fee of around $10 — and some customers are going wild.
  • Business Insider spoke to MoviePass power-users, some of whom watch 4 or more films a week, costing MoviePass hundreds of dollars each per month.
  • One customer said they go watch literally every single movie that comes out.
  • The company says that 80% of its users watch fewer than 4 movies a month.


When Travis, a 45-year-old DMV employee from Texas, saw "Love, Simon" in the cinema, the romantic teen comedy really spoke to him. "It was a movie I wish had come out when I was a teen going through many of the same struggles," he said.

So he went to see it again. And again. And again. And again and again and again.

And again.

In total, he says he saw "Love, Simon" in the cinema 17 times — 14 times of which he saw by taking advantage of his subscription to MoviePass, the service that lets customers watch one movie per day in cinemas for a flat monthly fee of about $10.

MoviePass has drawn scrutiny and speculation about the future of its business: Helios and Matheson Analytics, the owner of MoviePass, is losing more than $20 million a month as subscribers like Travis make full use of their subscriptions, placing it in financial peril.

Indeed, MoviePass has since limited customers to only seeing any given movie once at the cinema. But it still has a die-hard core of devoted customers, who often see more than a dozen movies a month. MoviePass currently pays full price for customers' tickets, meaning these power-users often cost the company $100 a month or more, each, while still only paying their $10 or so a month.

In a statement provided to Business Insider, MoviePass CEO Mitch Lowe said: "80% of our members see fewer than four movies per month, however we know there is a segment of moviegoers who use the service more frequently. We’re grateful for the support of all our members and love the level of energy and enthusiasm they bring to our great offering."

Business Insider spoke to these power-users to learn more about why they're so obsessed with MoviePass — and what they think of the company's future.

Spoiler alert: These people really love movies.

'It has become a bit of an obsession'

Roy Guthrie, a 47-year-old retiree, now has a simple strategy when it comes to seeing movies in the cinema: He watches everything. In the space of six weeks, he's seen 25 films, viewing everything available in his local cinemas. "Some surprises and some stinkers, but it has been fun. I will keep it up, as long as [MoviePass] lives," he said. "It has replaced a lot of my Netflix/Hulu activity."

At his peak, 49-year-old investor Michael Johnson was going to the movies with his wife 5 or 6 times every week. Now it's a little more sedate — the couple, who recently sold a business, "and for the first time in a very long time both have free time," go between 2 and 4 times a week, totaling 110 since September 2017. "It has become a bit of an obsession," he added.

That's about a $120/month of cost to MoviePass, assuming a ticket costs $10, and not including Johnson's wife.

Adrienne Taylor is a big, big fan of the recent Hugh Jackman musical "The Greatest Showman."

She said she paid to go see it 16 times — then used MoviePass another 10 times. "We love musical theater and we fell IN LOVE with 'The Greatest Showman,'" she explained. "We dressed up in ringmaster costumes — I crocheted top hats, circus performers — I also crocheted beards for us to be bearded ladies, we made friends of the other moviegoers and still keep in touch with some of them for other movie events, attended about 6 sing-a-longs and each experience was different and amazing."

Daniel Sullivan, a 39-year-old IT professional, likes MoviePass because it helps him get out of the apartment. He tries to go at least three times every week, and often goes with his partner or brother.

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MoviePass is making indifferent cinema-goers into fanatics

Interestingly, many MoviePass aficionados rarely went to the cinema before signing up for the service. 

Kristie Pyle had not been to the cinema in three years before joined MoviePass at the end of March 2018. The 43-year-old North Carolina finance professional said it "had been so long that I needed to figure out how to use the kiosk." In the less than two months since then, she's seen 30 movies. 

Jeff Jordan, a 25-year-old fire protection employee in Illinois, said he previously went about twice a year, and hated how expensive it was. Now he goes to between 9 to 12 movies a month. He's seen 75 movies since signing up on October — costing MoviePass around $750 (assuming a $10 average ticket) while spending no more than $80 on his subscription so far.

Elsie Militar, a 44-year-old media relations technician living in the Bay Area, also signed up in October 2017. She previously went to the movies 2 to 5 times a year. Since joining MoviePass, she's seen 92 movies in eight months.

Alan Ling, a professor at the University of Vermont, has seen 129 movies since his first MoviePass movie ("Thor: Ragnarok") in November 2017, and keeps track of them all on a Facebook page. He went to the cinema 2 or 3 times a year before getting MoviePass; now, he said, "I re organized my life around moviepass."

The service is also popular with people with disabilities

MoviePass has also been a blessing for people with disabilities or access needs, offering a cheap activity that doesn't require much physical exertion.

Tracey Trevino, a 55-year-old veteran who is retired due to disabilities, goes 2 to 3 times a week. "I had to quit working back in 2013 because I needed foot surgeries, I've had 5 so far [...] and going to the movies was about all I could do for entertainment since I couldn't really be on my feet while recovering," she said. She's been a member on-and-off since November 2013, back during a period when it cost $30 a month, and has 491 movie ticket stubs in her collection.

A 31-year-old who asked not to be named and does not work due to disabilities joined two months ago. This person now goes around five times a week, and has seen 40 movies so far, they say.

Another customer didn't go nearly as frequently as many power-users — once every week or two — but used it to bond with her father as he battled health issues. He was going through chemotherapy, and she bought them both passes: "I wanted to help him get his mind off the treatment.  [MoviePass] was a great option because if we went to a movie but he started to feel unwell and needed to leave early we could do so without feeling guilty since it's a single cost for the month."

MoviePass CEO Mitch Lowe and Helios and Matheson Chief Executive Ted Farnsworth.

80% of MoviePass users watch fewer than 4 movies a month

MoviePass briefly experimented with limiting customers to seeing four movies a month — but it swiftly changed course, and the all-you-can eat (barring repeats) model remains in effect today. The company says most users aren't power-users, however.

Of the service's popularity among customers with disabilities, MoviePass CEO Mitch Lowe told us: "While we don’t have any data to share related to members with disabilities, we are glad that we’re able to offer a service that provides them with an accessible entertainment experience without a price barrier."

There is ongoing debate about the viability of MoviePass' business. It argues it will be able to monetize its users' data, and hopes to negotiate discounted ticket rates with the big cinema chains — but many investors remain unconvinced, and it is an incredibly popular short on Wall Street (essentially meaning investors are betting against its survival). 

Its power-users are split. Some are bullish about the company's prospects, and have even bought stock, but others are unsure how long it can keep on going. One customer asked to remain anonymous said he has deliberately reduced his viewings to around 6 movies a month "as I want [MoviePass] to survive."

Michael Johnson, the investor, added: "of course, I struggle to understand their business model, but more than willing to take advantage of the insanity while it lasts."

SEE ALSO: MoviePass may be in bigger trouble than people realize

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